The book provides a comprehensive overview on the important and fast-evolving subject of clinical application of cancer therapeutic biomarkers. The chapters provide in-depth description of the biomarkers across a broad area of cancer research and oncology with a wealth of information to specific therapies by a team of internationally recognized experts. The focus of each chapter is on a class of targeted and chemotherapy agents, established and evolving diagnostic tests for therapeutic biomarkers that predict benefit, response, resistance or drug side effects from specific therapeutic interventions. The novel and comprehensive insights on the classification and clinical applications of and statistical considerations in the evaluation of molecular therapeutic biomarkers summarized in the book could greatly advance the fields of personalized cancer medicine, and drug-biomarker co-development as well as clinical validation. In addition, the book serves as a handbook for use by health professionals and scientists on current applicable biomarkers in oncology.